Monday 12 December 2016

Coursework Research - Dialogue continued

RESEARCH: DIALOGUE CONTINUED.

Dialogue:

Cinematic dialogue is oral speech between fictional characters. This distinguishes dialogue from other types of cinematic language such as voice-over narration, internal monologue, or documentary interviews, which have different characteristics. Writing realistic and effective dialogue is a laborious task. Most screenwriters need years of failed attempts and poorly written scripts to finally master the ideal chemistry that dialogues require to entice the audience and push the story forward.

I wanted to focus on dialogue and no dialogue scenes specifically in drama films because this is what we are thinking of doing for our coursework. 

Examples of dialogue scenes in drama films:

Dead Poets society is one of the seminal classics that is founded on great characters and fantastic dialogue, where more than a few inspirational quotes from Robin Williams are found everywhere. The dialogue, written by Tom Schulman, is clever, quick and classic, with the audience left inspired and moved as Williams' character teaches the students (and us) to learn to break out of their shells, pursue their dreams and seize the day.

As it follows Harvard undergrad and computer genius Mark Zuckerberg, the dialogue could be no less clever. In fact, Aaron Sorkin won the movie an Academy Award for Best Writing Adapted Screenplay, clearly proving why his writing is clearly at the top of the game. The dialogue is so dense and packed tight in everything he does that his scripts are 3 and 4 times longer than most. It's his belief that we don’t need to speak down to the audience that I like so very much.

Will Hunting, a janitor at M.I.T., has a gift for mathematics but needs help from a psychologist to find direction in his life. This clip shows some of the brilliantly clever dialogue that is conversed between Will and his peers, tutor and psychologist, throughout the movie. I think this develops the character, shows how clever he comes across on screen and without this, the character wouldn't be the same. 

What are the positive effects of dialogue in the examples?

There is really nothing compared to a well written and intriguing screenplay. Whether it be witty and fast-paced dialogue or intense and foreboding, the writing of a movie can really drive the character development and action. There are many positive effects of using conversation like to create a certain atmosphere or to portray thoughts. For example, it can be to express the feelings of the character, that would have been previously unknown. Dialogue can also have a positive effect on the viewer because a conversation or a speech can be creatively enhancing to the film and make the audience think. In the examples, dialogue helps us understand the characters more, in 'The Social Network' (in the clip above), the dialogue comes across as arrogant and therefore we can sense what kind of character he is. Or, the dialogue is used in sometimes a somewhat confusing yet clever and quick way to get the audience thinking. For instance, in one of 'Good Will Hunting's speech (again, in the clip above), I'm sure people can appreciate the lengthy monologue and the creative writing that, together with the performance, produces a brilliant scene.

What are the negatives effects in the examples?

However, there are some parts of dialogue that aren't particularly helpful or important as some instances in a film can impact the audience in a negative way. This can include occasions where the dialogue can become a little too clever, and complex and confusing conversations, that may seem clever but actually, nobody understands. A negative effect of dialogue in a film is that sometimes filmmakers, especially new up-and-coming ones, fall into a trap where they erroneously believe that dialogue alone is enough to provide enough excitement. However, this is not the case, as other mise-en-scene conditions are just as important. Therefore, dialogue doesn't have to be included just because it's there, but alternatively, it could make the film worse. Is often said amongst screenwriting that if the dialogue doesn't move the movie forward in any way, it should be taken out. Check out the confinement of the jury room of 12 Angry Men, where the actions, gestures, expressions, and objects are used to fill the void that dialogue couldn't.

What are the positive effects of no dialogue?


Using no dialogue in a film sometimes can create a film that just as exciting as a film with dialogue. It, therefore, means that the actions, gestures, expressions, and objects can play a much bigger part, as the audience are more likely to focus on these other mise-en-scene conditions more. I think that in the world of cinema, dialogue can sometimes be a hindrance and films may get bogged down in the foolish words spoken to each other, and meaning may be lost. No dialogue films can also remind us of films around the 1890s to 1920s, and all of them were completely silent, In silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue.

What are the negatives?

It is easy for no dialogue films to go wrong, and that's understandable, seeing too much over-expressive facial acting, too many contrived silent set-ups that obscure character development and motivation, as well as an over-emphatic soundtrack to fill in the gaps, can ruin a good plot. I think its a very fine line between reminding the audience of how minimalist a good film can become when dialogue isn't used, and when dialogue is needed to make the film so much better. Another negative of using no dialogue is simply to make certain the audience understand the film, not relying all the time on facial expressions to guess conversations. 

What issues do I think I would face in my own coursework by using dialogue?

When using dialogue in my own coursework, there could possibly be some issues. For instance, none of our group has ever written any screenplay or have experience with writing scripts and dialogue. This means it could take some time in figuring out how to plan, and then write the conversations, any other monologues or dialogue we want in our film. Becuase we've never done this before, it could be risky to include dialogue as it could come across as 'cheesy', 'ill-done' or too much. 

What issues do I think I would face in my own coursework by not using dialogue?

However, I think not using dialogue could cause just as many problems. For example, the audience could see that its an easy option out of using dialogue if we don't use it and we haven't at least tried. Perhaps not using dialogue could seem as if something is missing in the film. But, if all of the other mise-en-scene conditions went really well then we could pull having no dialogue off. I think it could be really effective depending on the plot to not use any dialogue, but it could be easier for us to use dialogue as it can explain more to the audience than expressions, and gestures can.

LR

Thursday 8 December 2016

Coursework Research - Sound

Coursework Research - Sound

What are the conventions of music in film openings in the following genres?

Comedy - This genre of film tends to use a technique called "Mickey-Mousing", this is the process of an action happening on the film and then a noise relating to it, for example someone slipping on a banana skin, and then being followed by a crash of cymbals, it can also use unexpected turns and twists in the melody and rapid changes of musical style.

Horror - The music in a horror film is designed to scare us, making the experience of watching the film more intense as it's now including all of the senses that a human has, therefore heightening suspense and terror. Horror films tend to use Atonal music, atonal music is not related to a tonic note and therefore has no sense of key. It's not just music that is used in horror films, it tends to be the sound effects that are more effective and are in fact the things that scare people. Horror films include a lot of abrupt shifts up and down in pitch, this is used to intensify the scene of the film, and add another layer of fear onto the audience. It's also the screams that feature most widely in horror films, the screams tend to be from a female character, this could be used as the majority of females watching a horror film will find it scary, therefore the film is relating to the person watching once again and they can connect with it. Oddly another piece of music that can be used is childhood nursery rhymes which have been slowed down and dropped in pitch, and being sung in a disturbing way, this tends to freak out the majority of an audience, as they associate that sort of music with young innocent children, and not mentally disturbed people.

Action - In action films the music that tends to be used is of a fast pace and energetic. This sort of music is used as it reinforces the idea that the action film is of a fast pace with things changing at any second. The music can also sometimes have unexpected drops in bass or rhythm, this can be used dynamically by film producers as they can co-operate this sort of music with certain scenes in the film, where the action may take a turn and become faster or slower, or maybe even feature an unexpected turn. Sound effects are also used in action films, these effects tend to be of a violent nature, therefore being gun shots, swords making contact and other noises which may include explosions.

Drama - In drama films the music tends to be intense as it needs to create more suspense so that the audience are more on edge. Drama films tend to draw more attention to the sound as they feel it is more important in this genre. The sounds that are associated with drama films tend to be of a loud and intense nature.

Romance - In romance films the music that tends to be used is slightly slower, with a slower beat and the words that tends to be used within the songs is of a romantic nature. This sort of music is used as it is closely related to the genre of film, this music also helps to set the tone and the direction of which the film is going in which allows the audience to relate closer to the film and therefore empathise with it more, the music tends to make the portion of the audience who are female cry as they've used the music wisely with the screenplay, which would overwhelm them. 

Wednesday 7 December 2016

Coursework Research - Dialogue

RESEARCH: DIALOGUE

What is dialogue?

Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people as a feature of a play, book or film.

Is dialogue necessary in the opening two minutes of a feature film?

I don't think that dialogue is completely necessary in the opening two minutes of a feature film, as a lot of film trailers and the opening of films feature no sound at all, meaning obviously that there would be no dialogue at all. If you include dialogue you normally tend to give away more of the plot compared to if you weren't going to use it, this therefore keeps the plot of the film unknown and then makes the audience more intrigued and curious about the rest of the film. Dialogue which is used in the opening of films has to be used wisely and effectively as it sets the tone for the rest of the film, so it's best to only include dialogue in the opening of a film if it can be used in the way you wish it to be used.

Here are clips of examples for each of the following genres where dialogue is NOT used and one example for each where it IS used in the opening two minutes.

Comedy -

In comedy, it is often the case when dialogue is vital to carry the humour in the film, but it can be the case, especially in silent comedy films such as 'Mr. Bean', that dialogue is not necessarily needed to portray the comedy. Where dialogue is used: Borat / Where dialogue is not used: Hot Fuzz 

Horror -

Dialogue in Horror can be quite different to dialogue in comedy but also quite varied within this genre. Lots of typical famous and scary scenes have no dialogue to create the scary scenes where we are waiting for the sound to come in and scare us. Where dialogue is used: The Conjuring / Where dialogue is not used: The Babadook

Action - 

Action films can also be dependant on dialogue to get what the film is about and it is very rare to see complete no dialogue scenes unless, in the examples cases, Batman or James Bond have to be particularly quite to build suspense. Where dialogue is used: The Dark Knight /Where dialogue is not used: Casino Royale

Drama -

PLEASE LOOK AT 'DIALOGUE CONTINUED' TO SEE A MORE DETAILED EVALUATION ON DIALOGUE AND NO DIALOGUE IN DRAMA FILMS. 
Where dialogue is used: Boyhood /Where dialogue is not used: Schindler's List

Romance - 

In romance films, the dialogue can often be funny and typically romantic and its not often that no dialogue scenes are used, yet when they are it can be used to describe awkward moments. Where dialogue is used: Silver Linings the Playbook / Where dialogue is not used: Dear John  

LM

Monday 5 December 2016

coursework - What do we expect to see in the opening 2 minutes of a feature film? Existing student-made film openings

What do we expect to see in the opening two minutes of a feature film? Existing student-made film openings 


Whilst researching film openings, we carried on looking at feature films that were student made perhaps more achievable. We continue to look at the tick boxes which we consider to create an excellent film opening. This includes: what the audience expects to see, camera shots and angles, and openings made by Robert Zebecks and other professionals, its hard not to have high expectations for these student-made films, as the experts made it look so easy. 

Here's three student-made feature film openings:




Captive: Captive 

Captive shows a man held hostage who looks as if he has been tortured or beaten violently. During this opening we are not given any dialogue however we are given a spooky/haunting music which makes the audience believe something horrific has happened to the man. The camera angles within this opening are varied as there is a CCTV camera styled shots throughout the opening. There are credits appearing throughout the opening in a jumbled way, this may suggest they are trying to hide something during the film, therefore portrayed it through who they presented the credits. I understand that the audience will expect to see a horror/thriller genre of film as there is a lot of gory details within the camera shots. We see that the captive is alive, tied up and disorientated but the audience, are unsure whether he's a good person or bad, whether he knows why he's there or not etc. The shots seeing CCTV cameras ad then the screen spilt into four to see the different angles of the CCTV cameras within the building enhances the seperation  and captured environment by implying that someone could be watching the building. it produces questions of who is keeping him here and why are they keeping him tied up. The titles appear flickering and jumbled, not saying long on the screen, fitting in with the scenes and in style with the secretive atmosphere. 


Exiled: 

i think for this film opening, the students really focused on the settings and the characters, with the plot having good potential with simple and fitting dialogue. it's most likely that the setting around them was their normal surroundings in and the students used it very creatively in the story. I personally really admire the costumes and props, as it was simples fit with the time period/fantasy storyline. The editing was well executed with the dragon looking very realistic. The titles, also, were well timed and fit with the whole story. The audience, i think, can assume a vague idea of what will happen in the rest of the film, and therefore i think that this makes for a really well put together film opening. 




Carnage:

'Caring' we are introduced to a brief plot and we assume the main character is the man who is hunting people down, but we don't know that so its only our assumption. There is no dialogue in this piece of film which makes it for an effective opening. There are several shots of a location but i would assume they are all filmed within one location. The credits flash on a black screen to fit in with the dull dark colours of the background shots, and together sets up the audience for what we assume to be a dark atmospheric film, All of these factors add to the rise-en-scene of the film. 




LR












Coursework Research -Target Audience

What is a target audience?

A particular group at which a product such as a film or advertisement is aimed.
target audience is the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other message. In marketing and advertising, it is a particular group of consumers within the predetermined target market, identified as the targets or recipients for a particular advertisement or message. Businesses that have a wide target market will focus on a specific target audience for certain messages to send, such as The Body Shops Mother’s Day advertisements, which were aimed at the children and spouses of women, rather than the whole market which would have included the women themselves.


what is the target audience for each of the following genres?



Comedy - the target audience of a comedy film is very dependent on the content of the film. for example children's films labelled as PG's or U's can have comical scenes in which would link it to the comedy genre, the films would appeal to young children as well as parents as they are often family films. However the audience  would be completely different for a comedy film labelled as a 12 or a 15, these films have the target audience of the audience of the certificated age given to the movie as the base, the movies are likely to appeal to people over the labelled age of film simply because comedy has a large target market appealing to larger proportion of the comedy theme market.  the final age partition of the comedy target audience is 18 certificates, these films although still based around comedy are often more explicit in terms of language and scenes, making the film heavily aimed at over 18 years.

Horror - The target audience of a horror film is very dependent on the content of the film. For example horror films labelled as a 12 or a 15 have the target audience of the certificated age given to the movie as the base. The final age partition of the horror target audience is 18 certificates, these films although still based around horror are often more explicit in terms of mature scenes, language, making the film heavily aimed at over 18 years. 
Action - The main target audience for action films again is age 13 – 28 years of age and generally aimed at mainly males, this is because males of this age range generally are more interested in fast paced storys with lots of action filled scenes that include explosions and fight scenes. This genre attracts men as they like to imagine themselves as the main character. Depending on the graphic nature and style of violence can alter its audience as comic book styled violence will attract fans who prefer a more unrealistic style of action, e.g. sin city, 300 and watchmen.
Romance - The wide appeal of romance films is because of the emotions that the characters display within these type of films, and this is why in our opening we have not used any dialogue but only used emotions as this is what is stereotypically related to romantic films. The aim is to get the audience to feel connected with a ‘real life situation’ or a’ slice of life’ . The likely gender would stereotypically be females as it is said that they prefer films of which they can relate to and emphasise with.
Drama - Shown from research, the main target audience for a period drama film is typically women aged 17-50. The period drama genre can span a wide age range due to the content. It has a wider target audience than some genres such as teen movie, as it can related to a wider audience, du to the range of characters and varying plot lines. many period drama films have a romantic storyline, which could also appeal to women more than men. However some period drama films are not targeted at a  female audience, such as 'Dorian Gray' which involves more violence and has an overall dark feel than most over period drama films. This could have been done to attract a wider audience. Although i also believe that the target audience is also very dependent on the age certificate labelled on the film covers. 

what would be the target audience for 'your idea so far'? And how would you attract these people to watch your film? 

I understand the target audience for our 'idea so far' would most probably be the age certificates of 12. My group and i understand that our film idea would not be suitable for anyone younger than the age of twelve to watch. 

Studies show that Internet users are becoming increasingly responsive to video, and we should therefore be using video to capture our target audience. We need to keep our videos short and sweet, and make sure they are informative, entertaining, and – most of all – relevant to our target market.

In the film itself you can attract the target audience, the age of the characters and clothes they wear can attract the appropriate target audience. Location and setting does the same, for example if the film is set in a house party then you know that the film is aimed at younger age groups.

Coursework Research - Attracting target audience

Attracting our target audience

The first step to any film being successful, is how film companies attract their target audience using marketing and advertisement. Millions of pounds are spent on each year on advertising their films to the world. In order to advertise their film, the marketers have to determine where the target customers receive their information from and where they would view news of the new film . Popular sources for adverts and spreading news about film and TV productions include television commercials, friends and family, social networks, magazines, blogs, forums or consumer review websites.

Studies show that ninety percent of all American Internet users visit social media sites and it isn't much different for UK internet users in a first world country. When attracting our target audience, if we want to initiate an effective online marketing plan, then we cannot afford to overlook the power of social media. One of the best things about marketing to the social media sector is that we ca advertise to the exact demographics you are trying to reach. When it comes to social media facebook beats out all other social networking sites on visitors and time spent on the site.

Studies show that Internet users are becoming increasingly responsive to video, and we should therefore be using video to capture our target audience. We need to keep our videos short and sweet, and make sure they are informative, entertaining, and – most of all – relevant to our target market.

In the film itself you can attract the target audience, the age of the characters and clothes they wear can attract the appropriate target audience. Location and setting does the same, for example if the film is set in a house party then you know that the film is aimed at younger age groups.


ML